Symmetry breaking of turbulent flow in porous media composed of periodically arranged solid obstacles

The focus of this paper is a numerical simulation study the flow dynamics in periodic porous medium to analyse physics symmetry-breaking phenomenon, which causes deviation direction macroscale from that applied pressure gradient. phenomenon prominent range porosity 0.43 0.72 for circular solid obstacles. It result instabilities formed when surface forces on obstacles compete with inertial force fluid turbulent regime. We report origin and mechanism media. Large-eddy (LES) used simulate homogeneous consisting periodic, square lattice arrangement cylindrical Direct transient stages during symmetry breakdown also validate LES method. Quantitative qualitative observations are made following approaches: (1) momentum budget (2) two- three-dimensional visualization. draws its roots amplification instability emerges vortex shedding process. pitchfork bifurcation can exhibit multiple modes depending local observed be sensitive porosity, obstacle shape Reynolds number. source turbulence anisotropy media symmetric solid-obstacle geometries. In macroscale, principal axis stress tensor not aligned any geometric axes symmetry, nor flow. Thus, breaking involves unresolved should taken into consideration while modelling inhomogeneity macroscale.